Diegetic ~
Any sound presented when the source of where it is coming from is visible or implied in film-making.
e.g.
Non-Diegetic ~
A sound when the source is not present as to where it is coming from.
e.g.
Examples of Diegetic and Non-Diegetic Sounds - Captain America - Civil War Trailer
NON-DIEGETIC SOUNDS
Throughout this trailer there is a non-diegetic sound of background music to add drama and tension to the trailer, however there at 2:02 there is complete silence as the music comes to a close. 0:22 - there is an extra sound effect to add emphasis to the destruction of the glass building. 0:28 - another sound effect added to how the pace of the shots DIEGETIC SOUNDS The characters are consistently talking throughout the trailer. 0.31 - We hear the glass breaking as the guy falls through the glass. 0:30 - The sound of the gun clicking as the policeman fires.
Extreme Long Shot - used to set the scene and to show the atmosphere around where they are
Close up - to show his emotion and expression to what has just been said/done
High Angle + Extreme Long Shot - used to show where they are and what is happening to the place and atmosphere they are in. Also to show the size and capacity of the building.
Low Angle - used to show who the amount of power both of them are in, showing Captain America as being part of a lower power over Iron Man
Fade - to cut smoothly from one certain shot to another completely different one
Panning Shot - to focus on the helicopter and is used to show how fast the helicopter is moving
Dutch Shot - to show the cluelessness of the biker to show that he does not know what is coming for him.
High Angle - show all of what is happening in one shot.
Annabel - a 13-year-old girl, of whom is recognised by a man, an old woman & a young girl. She is the main protagonist in this short film.
Man - a middle-aged man who recognises Annabel. He has 'Annabel' tattooed on his right arm. Old Woman - an old woman who also recognises Annabel. She has just lost her granddaughter, coincidentally also named Annabel. Young Girl - a young child who also recognises Annabel and wants her to 'leave them all alone'. EXT. PARK BENCH - MORNING
The girl is quietly sitting on a park bench. P.O.V. shot of her opening a book. Annabel is written on the inside cover. The park around her is completely empty except for her. A man with dark and lonely eyes walks next to her on the bench, sits down and goes on his phone. MAN Excuse me, may I sit here? I was just wondering. May I? Hello? EXCUSE ME?! ANNABEL Sorry, I… I was just reading. Ummm… The girl’s fingers tensed as she couldn’t help but notice the tattoo on his right arm. The tattoo was old and faded. She squinted at his arm and realised what it said: Annabel. ANNABEL I can’t help but notice your tattoo. What is it? The man quickly jolted his head towards the girl and stood up. He begins to look around at the park and checks his watch. The man starts to walk away. He looked down at the tattoo that the girl had mentioned. After a moment of silence the man burst out into a deadly laugh. MAN It’s the name of a girl I met… EXT. PARK BENCH – AFTERNOON The girl had been on the bench for more than an hour with no one disturbing her in that time. An old woman stumbled onto the bench, shaking as she went. She sat in the exact same place than the man that had sat there before. The woman started to hum softly to herself. OLD WOMAN Sweetie, you look so much like my granddaughter, so young and innocent. I can’t believe she has gone. Stolen from this world. Unfair, unfair it was. (cont.) She did not deserve to die so young and today being her funeral just makes me want to cry, so unfair. Such a waste of a beautiful human life. ANNABEL I’m so sorry for your loss. I bet she was an amazing girl. What was her name? The old woman stood up slowly and let out a murderous giggle. OLD WOMAN Annabel dear, Annabel was her name. EXT. PARK BENCH – SUNSET The park was lonely and quiet. The girl still remained on the bench. Her eye were slowly shutting from exhaustion, until a shadow of a young girl strolled into the park, but suddenly jerked back with fright. Her eyes bulged with terror staring straight into the girl’s eyes. YOUNG GIRL Leave us alone. Please just go Annabel. Annabel gets up and starts to sprint, trying to get out of the park. You can hear her breathing and her footsteps. She falls. ~ A P.O.V. shot of eyes blinking. Ending shot of the park bench (now empty) with flowers, candles and pictures of Annabel. MAN, OLD WOMAN, YOUNG GIRL No more Annabel’s. We lose ours, you lose yours. Screen goes black. EXT. PLAYING FIELD - NIGHT
13-year-old in sports clothes lying dead on the floor, with blood all over him. People surrounding him, gasping and crying and shouting all around him. Bird's eye view of the body, then a close up from the side of blood dripping off his hand. Headmaster is shown outside overlooking the field, talking to one of his assistants. HEADMASTER We're going to need to lockdown the school, and interview every person here to find out who did this mad absurdity. Tell everyone on the entire premises to go to the hall immediately. His assistant walks away at a pace. All the gates and doors to get out of the school are locked, so that the murderer, as well as anybody else can't escape. Shows many different gates being closed at a quick pace. Instructions from the loudspeaker saying to everyone to go to the hall. However this speech is muffled, so the audience cannot clearly understand what is being said. Shows an establishing shot of the whole playing field, the crowd surrounding the dead boy slowly leaving, until no one is on the field apart from the dead body. EXT. OUTSIDE THE HALL - NIGHT Many people rushing into the hall. INT. INSIDE THE HALL - NIGHT Shows many people inside the hall, filling up the hall. The headmaster is standing on the stage in front of everybody. HEADMASTER As you may have noticed, there has been a murder, taken place during the fixture. We do not know who did it, and we do not know what the consequence will be for the person who did do it. However if no one admits themselves as guilty by the time I stop speaking, we will have to interview everyone here to see what they were doing during the game and why they were here. This causes the crowd to gasp and exclaim at this. The headmaster tries to calm them down. HEADMASTER (raising his voice) Now I know that this is not ideal, however it is what needs to be done. I personally will be interviewing so that there is no confusion between my colleagues and me, and hopefully this will make everyone a bit calmer. Thank you. INT. IN A SMALL, DARK ROOM, THE INTERVIEWING ROOM - NIGHT Shows multiple people being interviewed, one-by-one, over the shoulder shot from the Headmaster’s shoulder, showing the person being interviewed. EXT. OUTSIDE THE CHANGING ROOM - NIGHT Shot of the changing room door. INT. INSIDE THE CHANGING ROOM - NIGHT The changing room is nearly pitch black. Camera goes around a corner, revealing a scared boy, about 6-7 years old, shaking from fear. INT. OUTSIDE THE INTERVIEWING ROOM - NIGHT Shows someone leaving the room, with the headmaster holding the door for them. HEADMASTER Thank you. The headmaster’s assistant walks up to him. ASSISTANT This is no use. We’re going to be here all night at this rate. And we probably won’t find them any- HEADMASTER Of course we’ll find them, don’t be stupid. This is murder, not child’s play. Just make sure everyone has a cup of tea in there hand so that they don’t get irritated. ASSISTANT (reluctantly) But sir… HEADMASTER What did I say? ASSISTANT Yes sir… The assistant starts walking away. As he is, he turns around to the headmaster. A shot of the assistant looking over his shoulder to talk to the headmaster ASSISTANT Just remember, the murderer might be closer than you think… The assistant walks away suspiciously, a shot of his shoes. The headmaster walks back into the room and holds the door for another citizen. Camera starts to move back down the hallway, therefore the people becoming smaller. INT. OUTSIDE THE INTERVIEW ROOM - EARLY MORNING The headmaster is holding the door for the last person to be interviewed. HEADMASTER Thank you. The last person walks off. After they leave, he starts talking to himself. HEADMASTER (loud) That can't be it! There must be someone I'm missing! NO, that can't be it! Someone walks up to the headmaster, a shot of his shoes walking up to him, the same shoes as the assistant. We do not see their body or face. The person opens their mouth as if to speak. The screen goes black. 1. What do you notice about the formatting of the screenplay? (positioning, capitals, e.t.c.)
It is very clear as to when there is a different location, the directions and the speech of the actors, as there are capitals used for when there is a different location, and there is also capitals for when someone is going to say something. The positioning of the speech is different to the directions as it is centred in the middle of the page, however the stage directions are positioned on the right of the page. 2. What do INT & EXT stand for? INT - interior EXT - exterior 3. Why is the location for each shot listed every time the scene changes? For every different scene there is a different location, however it may not be clear as to when the location / scene changes so it is listed on the script so that it is clear to the audience when they are in a different place. 4. There are some examples of camera shots/camera focus written into the script. Why do you think that these ones are included, but at other times there is no mention of the shot types? These shots are included because they are different to what the film would usually have for the rest of the script so it signifies the shot change as to when there is a slightly different shot that they need to film / use. 5. Find four examples of shot types/camera focus in the script and explain the desired effect/impact on the audience. "Point-of-view through a windshield of tailgates ahead, the only pair in sight." - They use a pont-of-view shot to make the audience see the point of view of the people in the police car, so that we get into the character 1. Dirty Princess This short film is about 4 classic Disney princesses, Cinderella, Snow White, Aurora (Sleeping Beauty) & Belle (Beauty & the Beast) with a twist. Instead of being the role model of a princess, they will be considered as the opposite of themselves in the Disney classic, which will be a more comedic version of it. The movie will start with all 4 princesses talking about their princes/husbands (Prince Charming, Prince Ferdinand, Prince Philip & Prince Adam (a.k.a. The Beast)) and boasting to all the other princesses how amazing each of them are. However this later changes as they realise that they are all with/married to the same Prince who is disguised as a different person towards the different princesses. This causes him to get dumped by all the princesses at the end. 2. Boy Murder A 13-year-old schoolboy gets murdered at the school's sporting event, which results in a school lockdown to figure out who killed the boy. Every person in the school gets interviewed by the school's headmaster, however one boy is hiding in the boy's changing room, leaving the viewers to think that he killed the boy. There are bloody shoe-prints and handprints from the same person printed all over the school, which gives more clues as to who killed the boy. In the end, the person who killed the boy was not the boy hiding in the changing room. The film ends with a shot of an unknown's feet walking up to the headmaster and a mouth opening as if to say something to the headmaster, however we do not know because just as they are about to say something, it ends. 3. Haunted
In this short film, a group of friends find themselves in the midst of a Haunted House that has not been touched for centuries. This film begins with the little kids playing truth or dare late at night. One kid dares another kid to tell the scariest story he could tell. This boy starts to explain a haunted house story that was told to him by his late grandmother. She makes an entrance in the story as a ghost who was bribing children to come into her house because she had sweets. One of the children gets scared because he had gone into a house one day because an old woman offered him some sweets the day before. However this does not bother the other kids and think that his story was not scary at all. However just as they say this, an old woman enters from the corner of the room with the exact same sweets as in the story, and before the screen goes black, she offers the kids the sweets. They scream. We are going to film in Lola's house as it has both good lighting and suitable furniture for an apartment. We will have pizzas as they are part of the stage directions as well as other things to make the room look more like an apartment.
Characters:-
Coco ~ Miki: Outfit - We want to show that Coco is outgoing, adventurous and promiscuous by wearing tight clothes, showing more skin then the rest of the characters. She is also confident and honest with what she says to her friends. Audrey - Lola: Outfit - Audrey is self-conscious and paranoid by covering up - not showing as much skin and wearing natural makeup. Thea - Antonia: Outfit - We want Thea to be sympathetic and confident; less full on then Coco. She would wear casual clothes but wearing fairly bold makeup. Lucy - Sahar: Outfit - Lucy would be quite quiet as she does not say a lot in the scene. She'd also be wearing simple clothes and very minimal makeup. Props:- Pizza - it's part of the stage direction at the beginning. Lucy's phone - she will be on her phone as she does not say much in this extract so she would probably be on her phone. Choose two characters. What do we know about them based on their appearance?
The main character, Nick, is wearing a simple plain shirt. This signifies he is just a simple and honest person, however he is also wearing glasses so he could be stereotypically smart. The main schemer for Project Optego is wearing a suit which could signify that he is rich as is able to buy many suits. Perhaps he got his money from Project Optego. How has the pace of the editing been used to change the feel of the film at various points? The editing has been fast - at parts where the scene is quick-paced and is tense - and slow where there is not much action happening in that particular scene or part of the movie. How does the music tell the audience what they are supposed to feel at different points? The music tells the audience what they are supposed to feel at different points as some of the music is quite fast and upbeat (like the chase scene) which shows the audience should feel tense and curious as to what is going to happen, whereas at other times the music is relatively slow which implies that the scene is more easy-going than a scene like the chase scene. Choose three of your favourite shots in the film and explain why they are effective. 1. Close Up Shot - there are a lot of close ups, especially towards the beginning when he is using both the laptop at the office and at his home. These are effective in these scenes as they are showing what he is doing on the laptop. 2. Tracking Shot - during the chase scene, the camera was following where the characters were going which gave the audience a feel of what the characters were doing: it was looking in their point of view. 3. Point Of View Shot - there were also a few of these, especially when he was looking at the laptop as it shows how the character is looking at the things on the screen. This is effective as it puts the audience in the character's position. If you were to remake this film, what changes would you make and why? I would improve some parts of the camera being shaky when it should be still. I would also change bits of the scene of BBC News because as a result of the fading in and out of the scene, the audience can't hear the beginning and end of the reporter speaking. Close up In a close up shot, a certain feature of part of the subject takes up most of the frame. A close up of a person is usually means a close up of their face. Close ups are useful for showing detail of something. Long shot A long shot typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. Medium shot A medium shot is a camera angle from a medium distance. It shows some part of the object in more detail, while still showing enough for the viewer to feel as if they were looking at the whole object. Extreme close up The shot is so tight that only a detail of the subject, such as someone's eyes, can be seen. It is too close to show general reactions or emotion except in very dramatic scenes. Extreme long shot An extreme long shot is a view from an even greater distance, in which people appear as small dots in the landscape if at all. This is often used as an "establishing shot" - the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is also useful in scenes where the action is very spread out. High angle shot A high-angle shot is where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle. This has the effect of making them appear less powerful or less significant. Low angle shot A low-angle shot is a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up. The effect of the low-angle shot is that it makes the subject look strong and powerful. Bird's eye shot The scene is shown from directly above. This is a completely different and somewhat unnatural point of view which can be used for dramatic effect or for showing a different spatial perspective. It can be used to show the positions and motions of different characters and objects, enabling the viewer to see things the characters can't. The bird's-eye view is also very useful in sports, documentaries, etc. Worm's eye shot A worm's eye view is a view of an object from below, as though the observer were a worm; the opposite of a bird's-eye view. A worm's eye view is used commonly for third perspective. Point of view shot This shot shows a view from the subject's perspective. It is usually edited in a way that it is obvious whose point of view it is. It shows the perspective an object/person can see. Tracking shot A tracking shot is when a camera follows a person or an object physically moving with the subject. It is to travel with the object/person as if you are walking/running next to it. Panning shot A panning shot is a camera movement technique that involves moving the camera horizontally to the right or left. With this technique you can track an object or follow any type of movement. Tilt A tilt is a vertical camera movement in which the camera points up or down from a stationary location. For example, if you mount a camera on your shoulder and nod it up and down, you are tilting the camera. Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone nodding their head "yes" or to an aircraft performing a pitch rotation. Dolly A dolly is a cart which travels along tracks. The camera is mounted on the dolly and records the shot as it moves. Dolly shots have a number of applications and can provide very dramatic footage. Zoom in/out Zooming means altering the focal length of the lens to give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action. It creates a difference in perspective. Crane Shot
A crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane or jib. This is usually to set a scene or is used to view the actors from above or to move up and away from them, a common way of ending a movie. Which specific things have you learnt in making the video?
I've learnt how to edit a video fully in Final Cut Pro. I've learnt how to add a picture and edit it so that it fits properly in my video. I've also learnt how to add music into my video and fade the song in and out of it and I've learnt how to put text into it. As well as that, I've learnt how to upload the video onto Youtube and embed the code onto my blog. What was the most enjoyable part of this task? The most enjoyable part of this task was learning how to edit my raw footage properly and to see the final product of what I've edited. I liked putting pictures and text into it and looking for the background music. Outline any difficulties that you had. One difficulty I had was putting it onto Youtube and on my blog as I'd never done it before but now I know how to do that so it is much easier for me. What would you like to do next with Final Cut Pro? I would like to edit another video that I film for another homework and learn how to use more complex things in Final Cut Pro like how to add videos onto my footage from Youtube. |